PHP OOP – Methods Overriding

In PHP, method overriding is a technique where a subclass provides a different implementation of a method that is already defined in its parent class. When a subclass overrides a method, it provides a new implementation of that method that is specific to the subclass.

Features of PHP OOP – Methods Overriding

In PHP, method overriding is a powerful feature of object-oriented programming that provides several key benefits. Here are some of the key features and benefits of method overriding in PHP:

  1. Polymorphism: Method overriding promotes polymorphism, which means that a single method can have multiple implementations across different classes. This makes it easier to write more generic code that can work with a variety of different objects.
  2. Inheritance: Method overriding is closely related to inheritance, which is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming. When a subclass overrides a method, it inherits the method from its parent class and provides a new implementation that is specific to the subclass.
  3. Customization: Method overriding allows you to customize the behavior of existing classes, without having to modify the original implementation. This makes it easier to extend the functionality of existing code, and to build more complex systems from simpler building blocks.
  4. Code reuse: Method overriding promotes code reuse by allowing you to reuse existing code and modify it to meet your specific needs. This can save you time and effort, and reduce the risk of errors and bugs in your code.
  5. Encapsulation: Method overriding promotes encapsulation, which means that the implementation details of a method can be hidden from the outside world. This makes it easier to maintain and modify your code, and to avoid unintended side effects.

Here is an example of how method overriding works in PHP:

class Animal {
  public function speak() {
    echo "Animal speaks.";
  }
}

class Cat extends Animal {
  public function speak() {
    echo "Cat meows.";
  }
}

$animal = new Animal();
$cat = new Cat();

$animal->speak(); // Output: Animal speaks.
$cat->speak(); // Output: Cat meows.

In this example, we have two classes Animal and Cat. The Animal class has a method called speak(), which outputs “Animal speaks.” The Cat class extends the Animal class and overrides the speak() method with its own implementation, which outputs “Cat meows.”

When we create an instance of the Animal class and call the speak() method, it outputs “Animal speaks.” When we create an instance of the Cat class and call the speak() method, it outputs “Cat meows.”

Method overriding is a powerful technique that allows subclasses to provide their own implementation of a method defined in a parent class. This makes it easier to customize and extend the behavior of existing classes, without having to modify the original implementation.

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